Fig. 5
Differential Expression and Principal Component Analysis of PRM Analysis. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of targeted proteomics comparing plasma EVs from early-stage high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients (stages I and II, n = 30) to controls with benign gynecological conditions (n = 30). The PCA plot displays the distribution of samples with benign conditions (green circles), stage I HGSC (purple stars), stage II HGSC (purple triangles), and centroids (black crosses) indicating the average position of each group. B Volcano plot illustrating the differential protein expression between benign and HGSC EVs. X axis indicated log2(fold change). Y-axis indicate -log10(p-value). Proteins of particular interest, such as MUC1, CD9, and MUC16, are highlighted and labeled