Variable | PCOS (n = 24) | Controls (n = 14) | P-value a |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 32.0 ± 7.8 | 35.5 ± 6.7 | 0.170 |
White, % (n) | 88 (21) | 72 (10) | 0.549 |
Education | Â | Â | Â |
Elementary, % (n) | 8 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.455 |
Secondary, % (n) | 29 (7) | 21 (3) | |
Higher, % (n) | 63 (15) | 79 (11) | |
Mean steps per day | 5265 ± 2567 | 5509 ± 2256 | 0.769 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 31.1 ± 4.2 | 26.7 ± 4.6 | 0.004 |
Waist circumference, cm | 91.9 ± 9.8 | 80.9 ± 9.6 | 0.002 |
Body fat, % | 46.3 ± 5.4 | 39.4 ± 9.3 | 0.022 |
Trunk fat, % | 19.2 ± 5.0 | 12.9 ± 5.0 | 0.001 |
Lean body mass, kg | 40.5 ± 7.2 | 39.5 ± 4.7 | 0.668 |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | 0.110 |
HOMA-IR b | 2.5 (1.6–3.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 0.008 |
hsCRP, mg/L b | 3.4 (2.2–8.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.001 |
Total testosterone, nmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.014 |
Glucose-lowering medication use, % (n) | 4 (1) | 0 | - |
Current oral contraceptive use, % (n) | 42 (10) | 0 | - |
Dietary variables | Â | Â | Â |
Kcal | 1758.9 ± 806.4 | 1610.7 ± 327.6 | 0.541 |
Carbohydrate, % | 47.6 ± 7.8 | 48.9 ± 7.8 | 0.432 |
Protein, % | 18.3 ± 4.0 | 17.6 ± 3.3 | 0.611 |
Fat, % | 29.1 ± 6.5 | 27.8 ± 4.9 | 0.539 |
SFA, % | 9.1 ± 2.3 | 7.5 ± 1.6 | 0.027 |
MUFA, % | 10.1 ± 3.4 | 9.5 ± 2.4 | 0.564 |
PUFA, % | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.743 |
Fiber, g | 21.1 ± 11.5 | 22.6 ± 5.4 | 0.663 |
Fiber, g/kg | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 0.34 ± 0.13 | 0.086 |
Glycemic index, % | 57.1 ± 4.7 | 53.8 ± 3.8 | 0.034 |
Glycemic load, g | 114.4 ± 58.7 | 98.3 ± 36.6 | 0.364 |
Food groups, g | Â | Â | Â |
Fruits and vegetables | 305.3 ± 191.0 | 390.6 ± 233.0 | 0.229 |
Legumes | 82.6 ± 85.6 | 93.2 ± 25.6 | 0.577 |
Whole-grain cereals b | 26.8 (3.5–41.1) | 59.3 (29.6–105.7) | 0.008 |
Refined-grain cereals b | 132.1 (44.9–201.0) | 61.2 (26.4–142.8) | 0.199 |
Meat and eggs | 162.6 ± 119.7 | 131.3 ± 48.3 | 0.360 |
Processed meat | 15.5 ± 14.2 | 9.2 ± 12.2 | 0.049 |
Fish b | 5.3 (0.0–12.0) | 16.0 (0.0–20.0) | 0.508 |
Dairy b | 74.9 (17.1–170.0) | 74.0 (37.6–146.1) | 0.977 |
Sweets and desserts | 72.5 ± 54.0 | 55.3 ± 46.2 | 0.327 |