Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites are altered and associated with dietary intake in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Table 3 Linear regression analysis of PCOS diagnosis associated with gut-derived metabolites (IPA and SCFA)

Metabolites (dependent variable)	Linear regression Association of the diagnosis of PCOS (yes vs. no)
	Univariate model			Multivariable-adjusted model
	Adjusted R²	β	P-value	Adjusted R²	β	P-value
IPA, ng/mL	0.228	-0.478	0.004	0.247	-0.417	0.015^a
Plasma SCFA
Acetic acid, µmol/g	0.228	0.499	0.001	0.285	0.434	0.010^b
Propionic acid, µmol/g	0.268	0.536	0.001	0.318	0.471	0.005^b
Isobutyric acid, µmol/g	0.109	0.365	0.024	0.161	0.254	0.128 ^b
Valeric acid, µmol/g	0.130	-0.399	0.026	0.187	-0.281	0.127 ^a

PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid
^a Adjusted for dietary glycemic index
^b Adjusted for percentage saturated fat intake and glucose-lowering medication use
Bold indicates statistical significance

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