Fig. 3

Chiglitazar reversed insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic abnormalities in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A–D Glucose concentration and area under the curve in the control group, DHEA group, and treatment groups during the GTT and ITT (n = 5). E–I Metabolic cage experiments were performed using Sprague–Dawley rats, including oxygen consumption rate (VO₂), heat production, and carbon dioxide production (VCO₂) (n = 4). J Weight gain from baseline of Sprague–Dawley rats in the control, modeling, and treatment groups (n = 7). Two-way analysis of variance was performed in A, C, E and G. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test was performed in B, D, F, H, I, and J. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. All data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. GTT, glucose tolerance test; ITT, insulin resistance test