Fig. 5

Application of cerium oxide nanoparticles for improving reproductive health. 1A. Morphology of tumor induced mouse untreated and treated with nanoceria. 1B. Representative H&E staining of treated and untreated xenografts with necrotic (pink) and live (purple) areas. (ii) Representative Ki-67 staining of xenografts [171] 2A. Image of endometrial tissue H&E staining of endometriotic mice injected with (A) 0.9% NaCl (B) NAC (C) Nanoceria (D) control healthy mice with 0.9% NaCl. The arrow indicated endometrial glands. 2B. Peritoneal cavity of endometriotic mice with similar treatment method and arrow indicates visible blood vessels [169] 3A. Ovarian sections H&E images of mice fed with ND, HFD, HFD + CeO2 NPs at 0.1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg. Enlarged images show the primordial follicles of each group. 3B. Representative images of 2-cell and blastocyst embryos from each group [178] 4A. Transmission electron microscopy images of follicles and oocytes exposed to CeO2 NPs. Arrow indicating their accumulation [172] 5A. Representative image showing mitochondrial distribution in control, 24 h POA, LA-PEG-CeNPs stained using Mito Tracker Green. 5B. The images of spindle morphology stained with Tubulin tracker green and chromosome alignment with Hoechst in each group. 5C. Representative images to assess the fertilization and embryonic development showing the 2 cells and blastocyst developed from each group [180] 6A. Light microscopy images of in vitro matured oocytes of nanoceria treated mice at M-I stage after 4 h culture and M-II stage after 20 h culture. 6B. Fluorescent microscopy image of Hoechst 33,342 and propidium iodide-stained follicular cells: 1-viable cells, 2-apoptotic cells, 3-necrotic cells, 4-apoptotic bodies [170]