Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of study approaches and main findings. RF model combined with TSP mass spectrometry analysis of plasma EVs demonstrated a remarkable capability to identify OC patients accurately. Notably, metabolites contributing to this discrimination included hydrazine, maltol, 4-morpholineethanamine, and methyl stearate. These identified metabolites are associated with cancer phenotypes, such as cancer-related mutations, immune responses, and metabolic reprogramming