Fig. 5

Different metabolic pathways and metabolic networks in ovarian cancer (OC) and clinically healthy control patients (CON) groups. A Activities of metabolic pathways in EVs derived from the plasma of the OC and CON groups. Red dots and lines represent the metabolic activities in EVs from the CON group that were adjusted to 0. Blue triangles represent metabolic activities in EVs from the OC group relative to the CON group. The metabolic activities are expressed on a log₂ scale. The triangle size indicates the number of identified metabolites in the pathway. Only the metabolic pathways with a significant p-value less than 0.01 (Logistic regression with age as a confounding factor) are plotted. B A Sankey diagram displaying how the metabolites with differential abundance connect to their participating metabolic pathways