Table 1 Characteristics of studies used for analysis
First Author/Year | Region | Age | BMI | Sample | Intervention | Control | Follow-up | Outcome of interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lu/2023 | China | T:27.3 ± 2.6 C:28.0 ± 2.8 | T:27.7 ± 5.0 C:28.3 ± 4.5 | 51 | Exercise + diet | Usual care | 12 weeks | Testosterone |
Liu/2023 | China | T:30.2 ± 2.6 C:31.3 ± 3.1 | None | 65 | EA | Sham-EA | 6momth | Testosterone, A4, mFG |
Philbois/2022 | Brazil | T1:29.0 ± 4.0 T2:29.0 ± 5.0 C2:29.0 ± 5.0 | T1:27.8 ± 4.2 T2:27.7 ± 5.7 C2:29.2 ± 5.4 | 75 | Exercise: HIIT /MICT | No intervention | 16 weeks | Testosterone, mFG |
Li/2022 | China | T:23.2 ± 4.3 C:22.9 ± 4.6 | T:28.4 ± 4.0 C:29.5 ± 4.4 | 42 | Exercise: Tai chi | Self-control | 12 weeks | Testosterone, A4, SHBG, DHEAS |
Dong/2022 | China | T:23.3 ± 2.7 C:22.3 ± 2.4 | T:22.9 ± 5.5 C:21.9 ± 5.3 | 43 | EA | Sham-EA | 16 weeks | Testosterone, mFG |
Shi/2021 | China | T:31.0 ± 3.2 C:30.5 ± 3.1 | T:27.9 ± 1.7 C:27.9 ± 1.7 | 92 | Exercise + diet | Self-control | None | Testosterone |
Ribeiro/2021 | Brazil | T1:28.9 ± 4.3 T2:29.1 ± 5.2 C:28.5 ± 5.7 | T1:28.4 ± 5.6 T2:28.6 ± 4.7 C:29.0 ± 5.2 | 87 | Exercise: CAT/IAT | No intervention | 16 weeks | Testosterone, A4, SHBG, FAI |
Yin/2021 | HK | T:29.2 ± 2.3 C:28.1 ± 3.4 | T:21.2 ± 4.5 C:21.3 ± 3.3 | 15 | Meditation: I-BMS | No intervention | 3 month | Testosterone |
Zhao/2021 | China | T:27.0 ± 5.0 C:30.0 ± 6.0 | None | 60 | EA | Sham-EA | 12 weeks | Testosterone |
Zhang/2020 | China | T:29.0 ± 2.0 C:28.0 ± 3.0 | T:24.6 ± 1.0 C:24.5 ± 1.1 | 40 | EA + exercise + diet | exercise + diet | 12 weeks | Testosterone, SHBG, FAI, mFG |
Patel/2020 | USA | T:20.9 ± 1.2 C:31.2 ± 2.3 | T:35.1 ± 1.5 C:35.4 ± 3.3 | 22 | Exercise: mindful yoga | No intervention | 6 month | FT, DHEA, DHEAS, A4 |
Gilani/2019 | Iran | 24.0 ± 3.7 | T:24.5 ± 4.0 C:22.9 ± 2.8 | 40 | Exercise: Endurance training | No intervention | 8 weeks | Testosterone, SHBG, FAI, A4, DHEAS |
Lopes/2018 | Brazil | T1:30.2 ± 5.1 T2:29.4 ± 4.1 C:28.8 ± 6.0 | T1:29.3 ± 5.6 T2:29.0 ± 4.8 C:29.9 ± 5.3 | 69 | Exercise: CAT / IAT | No intervention | 16 weeks | Testosterone, SHBG, FAI |
Peng/2017 | China | T:28.5 ± 3.8 C:28.6 ± 3.3 | T:23.9 ± 2.6 C:24.9 ± 2.9 | 100 | EA | Sham-EA | 3 month | Testosterone |
Deng/2017 | China | T:25.4 ± 2.3 C:26.1 ± 2.1 | T:27.4 ± 1.5 C:27.5 ± 1.3 | 60 | Exercise + diet | Usual care | 3 month | Testosterone |
Almenning/2015 | Norway | 27.2 ± 5.5 | T1:26.1 ± 6.5 T2:27.4 ± 6.9 C:26.5 ± 5.0 | 25 | Exercise: HIIT /ST | No intervention | 10 weeks | Testosterone, FAI, SHBG, DHEAS |
Jiang/2014 | China | None | T:29.4 ± 4.3 C:30.5 ± 4.7 | 92 | Exercise + diet | Usual care | 6 month | Testosterone |
Nybacka/2013 | Sweden | T1:29.9 ± 5.5 T2:31.3 ± 4.8 C:31.8 ± 4.9 | T1:35.4 ± 4.9 T2:34.8 ± 5.2 C:38.1 ± 7.0 | 43 | Exercise + diet | Diet /Exercise | 4 month | Testosterone, FT, SHBG |
Johansson/2013 | Sweden | T:30.1 ± 3.5 C:29.5 ± 2.8 | T:26.9 ± 0.3 C:27.2 ± 1.3 | 26 | EA | Self-control | 10-13 weeks | Testosterone, FT, SHBG, DHEA, DHEA-S, DHT, mFG |
Jedel /2011 | Sweden | T1:29.7 ± 4.3 T2:30.2 ± 4.7 C:30.1 ± 4.2 | T1:29.1 ± 8.8 T2:27.7 ± 6.4 C:26.8 ± 5.5 | 59 | EA /Exercise | No intervention | 32 weeks | Testosterone, FT, SHBG, DHEA, DHEAS, DHT, mFG |
Al-Sherbeny/2011 | Egypt | None | T1:38.4 ± 3.1 T2:37.6 ± 2.9 C:36.8 ± 3.8 | 90 | Exercise + diet/ Exercise + diet | Diet | 6 month | Testosterone, SHBG, FAI |