Fig. 3

Network Pharmacology Analysis of GNC in Treating IR-Induced DOR. (A) Venn diagram illustrating 53 overlapping target genes among GNC granules, GNC drug-containing plasma, and IR-induced DOR-related genes, representing potential therapeutic targets. (B) GNC-compound-intersecting targets-disease network illustrating the connections between compounds and disease targets. Blue squares represent individual herbs in the GNC formula, green circles indicate bioactive compounds detected in plasma, pink circles denote bioactive ingredients, and yellow squares correspond to the intersection genes linked to both GNC and IR-induced DOR. (C) PPI network of 53 potential targets from the STRING database. (D) PPI network visualization with node size and color depth indicating target degree. (E) Identification of top 10 core genes in the PPI network using the CytoHubba plugin. The node color ranged from pale yellow to red, with the corresponding degree gradually increasing.(F) GO Enrichment Analysis of biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, with the x-axis representing gene ratio and color gradient indicating statistical significance. (G) KEGG Pathway Enrichment Analysis showing key pathways like the estrogen signaling pathway; the x-axis indicates enrichment scores, bubble size reflects gene counts, and color gradient denotes p-value significance