Fig. 2

The Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway. Under basal conditions, Nrf2 is degraded by Keap1. However, the Keap1–Nrf2 complex is disrupted under OS, allowing Nrf2 to enter the nucleus. There, Nrf2 binds to ARE and triggers the expression of CAT, PRDX1, SOD, and HO-1 to neutralize the effects of OS and promote survival under suboptimal environmental conditions