Table 4 the role of Nrf2 on polycystic ovarian syndrome

Kyei et al. [58]

Mice

In vitro

Vitamin D3 + MitoQ10

• Decrease serum MDA, SOD, and hormone levels^*

• Reduction in steroidogenesis-related enzymes and OS-associated mRNA Nrf2 pathway

Kabel et al. [59]

Rat

In vivo

linagliptin and I3C

• Reduced levels of markers like TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-10, as well as hormone levels

• Antioxidant enzyme activity (Nrf2/HO-1) increased

• Reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and improved ovarian morphology

Ibrahim et al. [61]

Rat

In vivo

Diacerein 50&25 mg/kg

• Reducing elevated levels of MDA and total nitrite

• Enhance the protective proteins Keap-1, Nrf2, and OH-1 level

• Inhibit the elevated mRNA levels inflammatory cytokines

• Decrease body and ovarian weight, cyst formation, insulin, glucose, hormone levels

Akin et al. [60]

Human

In vitro

amphiregulin

• Promoted the maturation rate of oocytes

• The expression Change of genes involved in steroidogenesis, ovulation, and metabolism

Huang et al. [62]

Rat

In vivo

Luteolin

• Reduces insulin resistance by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

• Preserving oocytes and corpus luteum

• Normalized the hormone imbalances

Gharaei et al. [63]

Human

In vivo

Astaxanthin

• Increase expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQ-1 in GCs

• Raises of serum level CAT and TAC

Taheri et al. [64]

Human

In vivo

Sulforaphane

• Reduced intracellular ROS and apoptosis in GC

• Activation of the AMPK/AKT/NRF2 signaling pathway

Zheng et al. [65]

Mic

In vivo

Qi Gong Wan (QGW)

• Improve cystic follicles, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR index

• By activating the Nrf2/HO1/Cyp1b1 pathway to improve adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation

Wang et al. [66]

Rat, COV434 cell lines

in vivo and in vitro

Humanin

• Humanin Supplementation reduced body weight gain, Improved ovarian morphology and endocrinological disorders

• Modulation of Nrf2/HO1/Cyp1b1 pathway

Zhang et al. [76]

KGN cells

in vitro

miR-873-5p inhibitor

• suppressed cell apoptosis, decrease in OS, and reduced production of ROS and MDA

• activated the p38/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

Tan et al. [68]

KGN cells

In vitro

miR-93-5p

• miR-93-5p upregulated in the GCs

• Overexpression of miR-93- promoted apoptosis and ferroptosis GCs

• Silencing of miR-93-5p protects against GC dysfunction

Olaniyi et al. [69]

Rat

In vivo

Sodium acetate (200 mg/kg), oral

• Normal follicular development and improved circulating 17-β estradiol levels

• Increasing ovarian levels of glutathione peroxidase, and Nrf2

• Reductions in body and ovarian weigh