Table 5 The role of Nrf2 on primary ovarian insufficiency

Chen et al. [107]

Mice

In vivo

Puerarin

• Increased follicle number and the primordial follicle ratio

• Decreased the atresia ratio

• Recovered the expression levels of Oct4, Mvh, Wnt1, β-catenin, cyclin D1, SOD2, and Nrf2

• Improved the Bcl-2/Bax ratio

Chen et al. [109]

Rat

In vivo

Preventive Electroacupuncture

• Sex hormones recovered to normal levels

• reducing OS in rats

• Increasing SOD and GSH levels and decreased MDA levels

• Dropping Keap1 protein expression

• Increasing protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1

Ding et al. [99]

Mice

In vitro

EGF (epidermal growth factor)

• EGF suppressed OS by upregulating the expression of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway AND inhibited the apoptosis by regulating the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway

Hu et al. [106]

Mice

In vivo

4-Vinyl Cyclohexene Diepoxide

• 4-Vinyl Cyclohexene Diepoxide reduces OS damage in model of POI by upregulating Nrf2, Foxo3a, and HO-1

Jia et al. [101]

Mice

In vivo

Chitooligosaccharide-zinc

• Improves the ovarian and follicular development through regulating the SESN2/NRF2 signaling pathway

• Elevates SOD2 protein

Liu et al. [103]

Mice

In vivo

Sepia esculenta ink polysaccharide

• Reducing Keap1 and HDAC-2

• Increasing PKC, Nrf2

• Downstream factors like SOD, HO-1, and NQO-1

Chen et al. [105]

Mice

In vivo

Icariin

• Influenced POI by activating the Nrf2/HO-1/Sirt1

Yan et al. [98]

Mice

In vivo

Curcumin

• Inhibited D-gal-induced OS, apoptosis, and ovarian injury via a mechanism involving the Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in POI model

Zhang et al. [108]

Mice

In vivo

Daphnetin (a Nrf2 activator)

• Alleviated POI through Nrf2/TXNIP/NLRP3 axis

Zhou et al. [107]

Mice

In vivo

Si-Wu-Tang (a traditional Chinese medicine)

• Enhanced OS and promotes angiogenesis by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in POI