Fig. 3

Comparison of receiver operator characteristic curves (ROCs) for the machine learning models. (A) The ROCs of training models. (B) The ROCs of validation models. AUC, area under the ROC; DT, decision tree; KNN, k-nearest neighbors; LGBM: light gradient boosting machine; NBM, naïve bayes model; RF, random forest; XGBoost, eXtreme gradient boosting